100 Likely JAMB 2026 Biology Questions & Answers

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1. Cell Biology

1. The basic unit of life is:
   A. Tissue
   B. Cell
   C. Organ
   D. Organ system
   Answer: B

2. Which is found only in eukaryotic cells?
   A. Nucleus
   B. Ribosome
   C. Cell membrane
   D. Cytoplasm
   Answer: A

3. Function of mitochondria is:
   A. Synthesize proteins
   B. Store genetic material
   C. Produce energy (ATP)
   D. Digest waste
   Answer: C

4. Ribosomes are responsible for:
   A. Protein synthesis
   B. Lipid synthesis
   C. ATP production
   D. Photosynthesis
   Answer: A

5. Golgi apparatus is mainly involved in:
   A. Digestion
   B. Packaging and secretion
   C. Energy production
   D. DNA replication
   Answer: B

6. Unique to plant cells is:
   A. Mitochondria
   B. Cell wall
   C. Nucleus
   D. Ribosome
   Answer: B

7. Cell membrane is composed of:
   A. Protein only
   B. Lipid only
   C. Protein + Lipid
   D. Carbohydrate only
   Answer: C

8. Endocytosis is:
   A. Release outside cell
   B. Intake into cell
   C. Cell division
   D. Protein synthesis
   Answer: B

9. Nucleus controls:
   A. Energy production
   B. Cell activities & reproduction
   C. Transport of substances
   D. Protein folding
   Answer: B

10. Rough ER differs from Smooth ER because:
    A. Rough ER has ribosomes
    B. Rough ER stores DNA
    C. Rough ER synthesizes lipids
    D. Rough ER is in prokaryotes
    Answer: A

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2. Genetics

11. DNA carries:
    A. Energy
    B. Genetic information
    C. Proteins
    D. Lipids
    Answer: B

12. Gene is:
    A. Unit of inheritance
    B. Cell organelle
    C. Enzyme
    D. Hormone
    Answer: A

13. Phenotype refers to:
    A. Genetic makeup
    B. Physical appearance
    C. Chromosome number
    D. Mutation
    Answer: B

14. Mendel’s Law of Segregation states:
    A. Alleles separate during gamete formation
    B. Genes are linked
    C. Mutation occurs randomly
    D. DNA replicates itself
    Answer: A

15. Law of Independent Assortment:
    A. Traits inherited together
    B. Alleles of different genes separate independently
    C. DNA duplication
    D. Mutation occurrence
    Answer: B

16. Mutation is:
    A. Normal cell division
    B. Change in DNA sequence
    C. Protein synthesis
    D. Energy production
    Answer: B

17. Dominant allele:
    A. Expressed in homozygous/heterozygous
    B. Only homozygous
    C. Only heterozygous
    D. Recessive always
    Answer: A

18. Homozygous means:
    A. Two identical alleles
    B. Two different alleles
    C. Dominant only
    D. Recessive only
    Answer: A

19. Genetic recombination occurs during:
    A. Mitosis
    B. Meiosis
    C. Transcription
    D. Translation
    Answer: B

20. Meiosis results in:
    A. Two identical daughter cells
    B. Four non-identical gametes
    C. One diploid cell
    D. No cell division
    Answer: B

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3. Ecology

21. Ecosystem is:
    A. Group of organisms of same species
    B. Community + environment
    C. Single organism
    D. Trophic level
    Answer: B

22. Population refers to:
    A. All species in an area
    B. Individuals of same species in an area
    C. Single organism
    D. Habitat
    Answer: B

23. Ecological niche is:
    A. Place an organism lives
    B. Role an organism plays in ecosystem
    C. Number of individuals
    D. Food chain
    Answer: B

24. Food chain shows:
    A. Energy flow in sequence
    B. Oxygen cycle
    C. Water cycle
    D. Evolution
    Answer: A

25. Energy flows in ecosystem:
    A. Consumers → producers
    B. Sun → producers → consumers → decomposers
    C. Decomposers → producers
    D. Randomly
    Answer: B

26. Producer is:
    A. Herbivore
    B. Autotroph
    C. Carnivore
    D. Decomposer
    Answer: B

27. Herbivore feeds on:
    A. Meat
    B. Plants
    C. Both
    D. Detritus
    Answer: B

28. Nitrogen cycle involves:
    A. Fixation, nitrification, denitrification
    B. Photosynthesis
    C. Respiration only
    D. Osmosis
    Answer: A

29. Carbon cycle importance:
    A. Produces energy
    B. Maintains ecosystem balance
    C. Causes disease
    D. DNA replication
    Answer: B

30. Symbiosis is:
    A. Competition
    B. Interaction between species
    C. Random mutation
    D. Osmosis
    Answer: B

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4. Evolution

31. Natural selection is:
    A. Random mutation
    B. Survival of the fittest
    C. Genetic drift
    D. Gene duplication
    Answer: B

32. Adaptation refers to:
    A. Change in environment
    B. Traits that improve survival
    C. Cell division
    D. Energy production
    Answer: B

33. Theory of evolution by natural selection was proposed by:
    A. Lamarck
    B. Darwin
    C. Mendel
    D. Watson
    Answer: B

34. Divergent evolution:
    A. Different species evolve from common ancestor
    B. Unrelated species evolve similarly
    C. Species remain unchanged
    D. Species become extinct
    Answer: A

35. Speciation means:
    A. Formation of new species
    B. Mutation in gene
    C. Extinction
    D. Evolution stops
    Answer: A

36. Survival of the fittest refers to:
    A. Weak survive
    B. Best adapted survive
    C. All survive equally
    D. Random survival
    Answer: B

37. Lamarck’s theory:
    A. Inheritance of acquired traits
    B. Natural selection
    C. Random mutation
    D. Speciation
    Answer: A

38. Evidence for evolution includes:
    A. Fossils
    B. DNA analysis
    C. Comparative anatomy
    D. All of the above
    Answer: D

39. Homologous structures:
    A. Same structure, different function
    B. Different structure, same function
    C. Random features
    D. Vestigial organs
    Answer: A

40. Analogous structures:
    A. Same structure, different function
    B. Different structure, same function
    C. Same function, same structure
    D. Vestigial organs
    Answer: B

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5. Human Anatomy & Physiology

41. Digestive system includes:
    A. Heart, Lungs
    B. Mouth, Stomach, Intestines
    C. Brain, Spinal cord
    D. Kidneys, Bladder
    Answer: B

42. Small intestine function:
    A. Digestion & absorption of nutrients
    B. Storage of bile
    C. Produce hormones
    D. Blood filtration
    Answer: A

43. Pancreas role:
    A. Digest proteins
    B. Produce insulin & digestive enzymes
    C. Absorb water
    D. Transport oxygen
    Answer: B

44. Heart function:
    A. Pump blood
    B. Digest food
    C. Store energy
    D. Filter urine
    Answer: A

45. Blood vessels:
    A. Only arteries
    B. Arteries, veins, capillaries
    C. Only veins
    D. Only capillaries
    Answer: B

46. Lungs structure includes:
    A. Nephrons
    B. Alveoli & bronchi
    C. Heart chambers
    D. Stomach lining
    Answer: B

47. Alveoli function:
    A. Pump blood
    B. Gas exchange
    C. Digest food
    D. Excrete urine
    Answer: B

48. Neuron is:
    A. Muscle cell
    B. Nerve cell
    C. Blood cell
    D. Epithelial cell
    Answer: B

49. Kidney function:
    A. Pump blood
    B. Filter blood & form urine
    C. Produce enzymes
    D. Control movement
    Answer: B

50. Urine formation occurs by:
    A. Osmosis
    B. Filtration, reabsorption, secretion
    C. Diffusion only
    D. Photosynthesis
    Answer: B

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6. Plant Biology

51. Photosynthesis equation:
    A. CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
    B. C₆H₁₂O₆ → CO₂ + H₂O
    C. H₂O → O₂ + H₂
    D. CO₂ → O₂
    Answer: A

52. Chlorophyll role:
    A. Store energy
    B. Absorb light for photosynthesis
    C. Transport nutrients
    D. Digest food
    Answer: B

53. Xylem transports:
    A. Food
    B. Water & minerals
    C. Hormones
    D. Proteins
    Answer: B

54. Phloem transports:
    A. Water
    B. Food (sucrose)
    C. Oxygen
    D. Hormones
    Answer: B

55. Transpiration is:
    A. Water movement through plant
    B. Food absorption
    C. Protein synthesis
    D. Seed dispersal
    Answer: A

56. Germination is:
    A. Seed growth
    B. Flowering
    C. Photosynthesis
    D. Fertilization
    Answer: A

57. Pollination:
    A. Transfer of pollen to stigma
    B. Seed germination
    C. Leaf growth
    D. Root absorption
    Answer: A

58. Fertilization in plants occurs in:
    A. Roots
    B. Ovule
    C. Leaf
    D. Stem
    Answer: B

59. Stomata function:
    A. Gas exchange & transpiration
    B. Photosynthesis
    C. Water storage
    D. Support
    Answer: A

60. Xerophyte adaptation includes:
    A. Thick cuticle
    B. Large leaves
    C. Thin stems
    D. High transpiration
    Answer: A

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7. Microbiology & Immunity

61. Bacteria are:
    A. Prokaryotes
    B. Eukaryotes
    C. Viruses
    D. Fungi
    Answer: A

62. Virus differs from bacteria by:
    A. No nucleus
    B. Can reproduce independently
    C. Have cytoplasm
    D. Have ribosomes
    Answer: A

63. Pathogen is:
    A. Beneficial organism
    B. Disease-causing organism
    C. Energy producer
    D. Autotroph
    Answer: B

64. Virus structure includes:
    A. Cell wall
    B. Protein coat & nucleic acid
    C. Chloroplast
    D. Ribosome
    Answer: B

65. White blood cells function:
    A. Transport oxygen
    B. Immunity
    C. Digest food
    D. Excrete waste
    Answer: B

66. Immunity is:
    A. Disease resistance
    B. Food absorption
    C. Hormone production
    D. Energy release
    Answer: A

67. Active immunity:
    A. Short-term protection
    B. Long-term protection via antibodies
    C. Transfer of milk only
    D. Only during infection
    Answer: B

68. Passive immunity:
    A. Injection of pre-formed antibodies
    B. Vaccination
    C. Natural selection
    D. Digestion
    Answer: A

69. Antibody is:
    A. Protein that fights antigens
    B. Enzyme
    C. Hormone
    D. Lipid
    Answer: A

70. Vaccine contains:
    A. Active pathogen
    B. Dead/weakened pathogen
    C. Hormones
    D. Nutrients
    Answer: B

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8. Reproduction

71. Sexual reproduction involves:
    A. One parent
    B. Two parents
    C. Cloning
    D. Fission
    Answer: B

72. Asexual reproduction example:
    A. Fertilization
    B. Binary fission
    C. Pollination
    D. Meiosis
    Answer: B

73. Asexual reproduction in plants includes:
    A. Budding & vegetative propagation
    B. Fertilization
    C. Pollination
    D. Germination
    Answer: A

74. Menstrual cycle lasts:
    A. 28 days
    B. 7 days
    C. 14 days
    D. 21 days
    Answer: A

75. Fertilization in humans occurs in:
    A. Ovary
    B. Fallopian tube
    C. Uterus
    D. Vagina
    Answer: B

76. Placenta function:
    A. Protect fetus
    B. Exchange nutrients & waste
    C. Gas exchange
    D. Store water
    Answer: B

77. Ovulation is:
    A. Release of ovum from ovary
    B. Fertilization
    C. Menstruation
    D. Conception
    Answer: A

78. Embryonic development stages:
    A. Zygote → Morula → Blastula → Gastrula
    B. Egg → Seed
    C. Ovule → Seed
    D. None
    Answer: A

79. Oviparous animals:
    A. Lay eggs
    B. Give live birth
    C. Both
    D. None
    Answer: A

80. Hormones in reproduction:
    A. Control reproductive cycles
    B. Digest food
    C. Pump blood
    D. Excrete urine
    Answer: A

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9. Biotechnology

81. Genetic engineering is:
    A. Modification of genes
    B. Photosynthesis
    C. Respiration
    D. Digestion
    Answer: A

82. Cloning produces:
    A. Identical organisms
    B. Random organisms
    C. Hybrid organisms
    D. None
    Answer: A

83. Gene therapy is:
    A. Correcting defective genes
    B. Cell division
    C. Protein production
    D. Energy release
    Answer: A

84. Tissue culture in plants is used for:
    A. Cloning & propagation
    B. Photosynthesis
    C. Pollination
    D. Fertilization
    Answer: A

85. Biotechnology in medicine:
    A. Produces insulin, vaccines, antibiotics
    B. Photosynthesis
    C. Digestion
    D. Reproduction
    Answer: A

86. Recombinant DNA is:
    A. DNA from two sources
    B. RNA
    C. Protein
    D. Lipid
    Answer: A

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93. CHEMISTRY Hot Topics KEY POINT

94. PCR is used to:
    A. Amplify DNA
    B. Digest proteins
    C. Produce energy
    D. Transport nutrients
    Answer: A

95. CRISPR is:
    A. Gene editing tool
    B. Enzyme
    C. Hormone
    D. Antibiotic
    Answer: A

96. GMO benefit:
    A. Improve crop yield & disease resistance
    B. Energy release
    C. Photosynthesis
    D. Blood filtration
    Answer: A

97. Biotechnology ethical issues:
    A. Cloning humans
    B. Genetic manipulation
    C. Environmental impact
    D. All of the above
    Answer: D

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10. Miscellaneous / Hot Topics

91. Homeostasis is:
    A. Maintenance of internal stability
    B. Growth
    C. Reproduction
    D. Energy production
    Answer: A

92. Osmosis is:
    A. Diffusion of water across membrane
    B. Protein synthesis
    C. Energy release
    D. Fertilization
    Answer: A

93. Diffusion is:
    A. Movement of molecules from high → low concentration
    B. Energy release
    C. Protein synthesis
    D. Photosynthesis
    Answer: A

94. Active transport requires:
    A. Energy
    B. No energy
    C. Light only
    D. Water
    Answer: A

95. Enzymes in digestion:
    A. Break down macromolecules
    B. Store nutrients
    C. Produce energy
    D. Transport oxygen
    Answer: A

96. Hormones:
    A. Chemical messengers
    B. Enzymes
    C. Proteins only
    D. Lipids only
    Answer: A

97. Water importance:
    A. Solvent, transport, chemical reactions
    B. Energy only
    C. Digestion only
    D. Excretion only
    Answer: A

98. Biodiversity means:
    A. Variety of life forms
    B. Same species only
    C. Extinct species
    D. Humans only
    Answer: A

99. Causes of extinction:
    A. Habitat loss, hunting, pollution
    B. Photosynthesis
    C. Respiration
    D. Fertilization
    Answer: A

100. Importance of biology:
     A. Understand life, health, environment
     B. Only study plants
     C. Only study animals
     D. None
     Answer: A

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